CD40 and coinfection: To determine whether the levels of soluble biomarkers of systemic immune activation (sCD163, sCD25/IL-2R alpha, sCD40/TNFRSF5) and that of growth factors (VEGF, FGF-acidic) varied with HIV-1 and HHV8 co-infection, plasma levels of these biomarkers were compared between ALWH with seropositivity to HHV8 (HIV+&HHV8+) and those uninfected to HIV-1 without seropositivity to HHV8 (HIV-&HHV8-); those uninfected to HIV-1 with seropositivity to HHV8 (HIV-&HHV8+) and those infected to HIV-1 without seropositivity to HHV8 (HIV+&HHV8-).