VEGFA and Kaposi's sarcoma: In addition, Felipe and colleagues (42) reported that KS lesions and KS-derived spindle cell cultures co-express high levels of basic FGF and VEGF, which is promoted by the inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1(IL-1), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in PLWH.