EIF2A and neoplasm: During tumor initiation, the changes in eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) induced by oncogenes have a profound impact on the translation landscape; for example, eIF2α phosphorylation and inactivation may be caused during tumorigenesis, and oncogenes can guide the translation mechanism to eIF2A-dependent (upstream open reading frame) uORF translation in tumorigenesis.