An inflammatory state in haematological malignancies is often favoured by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by immune cells, which activate epigenetic modifiers to promote the cell cycle and avoidance of apoptosis and cancer cells (Caiado et al., 2021; Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.