MSI-1436 has been previously shown to protect against high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) in rodents model, improve insulin sensitivity mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, and modulate ER stress in insulin-resistant progenitor cells derived from EMS horses, and as recently showed, to promote heart injury regeneration [21, 26, 32]. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.