CTSB and urinary bladder carcinoma: According to Xinyuan Li, cathepsin B (CTSB) was upregulated in exosomes derived from serum of bladder cancer patients, directly ingesting EV-CTSB prominently activated TPX2-mediated phosphorylation of the AURKA-PI3K-AKT axis, increased VEGFA expression, finally promoted angiogenesis [100].