CXCR3 and viral infectious disease: However, the TH1-polarizing conditions of a viral infection or vaccination usually result in the predominant generation of TH1-like TFH cells; this has been observed with influenza vaccination, live-attenuated yellow fever vaccination, HCV infection, and Zika virus infection.30–32,34,67 Given the importance of TH1-like TFH cells in supporting the production of high-quality antibodies and the longevity of ASCs, strategies to promote TH1-like (CXCR3+) TFH cell polarization would benefit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.