DYRK1A and Alzheimer disease: A role of DYRK1A has also been suggested in other pathological conditions observed in Down syndrome patients, such as earlier onset of Alzheimer disease (Kimura et al, 2007; Branca et al, 2017), type 2 diabetes (Shen et al, 2015; Wang et al, 2015), and craniofacial malformation (Blazek et al, 2015; McElyea et al, 2016; Redhead et al, 2023).