TNF and ulcerative colitis: Ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn’s disease [CD] are immune-mediated inflammatory bowel diseases [IBDs] with a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors involved in their pathogenesis.1 Adalimumab is an anti-tumour necrosis factor [anti-TNF] agent that is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration2 and the European Medicines Agency3 for the treatment of moderately to severely active UC and CD.