MTOR and renal cell carcinoma: Moreover, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activated by intra- and extracellular stimulation decreases the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), induces the expression of ATGs and the conversion of MAP1LC3B (LC3)-I to LC3B-II and promotes RCC, bladder and prostate cell apoptosis [14–16].