IL-1β and endothelin-1 (Edn1; 3.5-fold increase in MI vs. Sham, 1.4-fold increase in Treatment vs. Sham) have been shown to contribute to the production of nerve growth factor (NGF) [33, 43, 70], and increased NGF is a mechanism responsible for nerve sprouting and sympathetic hyperinnervation following MI [127]. The gene discussed is NGF; the disease is myocardial infarction.