These results demonstrated that the protection of esculin against colitis may be due to its function in the regulation of the NF-κB pathway.[11] Zheng et al[12] demonstrated that esculin attenuated the inflammatory response of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by inhibiting several pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is colitis.