SOD1 and neuroblastoma: In human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, esculin was found to reduce dopamine-induced ROS overproduction, and enhance superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities.[30] SOD is an enzymatic antioxidant that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anion to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which is then enzymatically scavenged by GSH.