We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for articles published between 2000 and 2023, using keywords such as “diabetic nephropathy,” “prevention,” “treatment,” and “recent advances.” The recent advances in the prevention and treatment of DN include novel approaches targeting inflammation and fibrosis, such as inhibitors of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) pathway, inhibitors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathway, and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Here, NFKB1 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.