For example, in patients with sarcopenia, increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α, among others, have been reported to induce a decrease in muscle mass.78 Anti-TNF treatment can reverse age-related changes in the microbiota and therefore has potential anti-muscle aging effects.72 The study also found that changes in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota are associated with the disturbance of immune homeostasis during aging. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is sarcopenia.