In addition, Tiaobu Feishen (TBFS) was observed to reverse lung inflammation and airway remodeling (Li et al., 2012), Zhou et al. (2023) observed that TBFS has more effective in glucocorticoid-resistant COPD patients by modulating PI3K/Akt signaling to improve glucocorticoid resistance. Here, AKT1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.