AKT1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Notably, Bu-Shen-Fang-Fang-Chuan formula (BSFCF), a commonly used formula for treating COPD in China, attenuates the inflammatory response to COPD by inhibiting PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 and PI3K/Akt-NF-κB (Li Q. et al., 2020).