TLR4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In addition, they found that the liver inflammation of T2DM rats significantly improved, due to the expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), an inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκΒα), p-IκΒα, and NF-κB were downregulated (128).