IL10 and inflammatory bowel disease: On the other hand, reduced anti-inflammatory mechanisms such as disturbed TGF-ß signaling in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients (24), reduced number of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood in patients with ulcerative colitis (25) or IL-10 or IL-10 receptor deficiency in pediatric patients with early-onset enterocolitis (26) are examples of a harmful, overactivated immune response in the gut.