CRIPTO3 and infection: (Orrskog et al., 2012) used rrgA knockout and nonknockout strains through intranasal and intraperitoneal challenge experiments and found that infection with strains expressing RrgA led to earlier development of sepsis and more rapid disease progression in wild-type mice than infection with complement receptor 3 (CR3) antibody and infection in CR3-deficient mice, suggesting that RrgA can influence macrophage function and systemic infection status by interacting with CR3.