DCX and Mental deterioration: To evaluate whether the cognitive decline caused by surgery was related to AHN, BrdU was injected intraperitoneally for 5 days in succession after modeling, and hippocampal tissues were harvested for immunofluorescence staining to calculate the number of newborn cells (BrdU +), neuroblasts or immature neurons (DCX + , doublecortin +), newly generated neuroblasts or immature neurons (DCX + /BrdU +) and newly generated mature neurons (NeuN + /BrdU +) in the dentate gyrus (Fig. 2A).