CDH1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Our previous study of screening novel anti-IPF drugs with machine learning from traditional Chinese medicines found that swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside with high anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects [12], has a strong effect on arresting the development of IPF [13], and identified that α-SMA and E-cadherin, two marker proteins of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, were significantly downregulated and upregulated, respectively, by swertiamarin.