Similar to what happened in the melanoma, ADAM12+ cells, in comparison to ADAM12– cells, upregulated genes involved in cell cycle arrest, growth factors and cytokine receptors, as well as genes regulating macrophages and the ECM, including Gas6, Csf1, Has2, Mmp3 and the mesenchymal progenitor markers Ly6a and Vcam1, and downregulated Mki67, Cdk1, Cdkn2a and Acta2 (Extended Data Table 1 and Extended Data Fig. 7a). The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is melanoma.