Furthermore, flow cytometric analyses revealed an increased proportion of CD68+CD86+ M1 macrophages after HIV-1 infection (33.29% versus 67.60%), whereas the proportion of CD68+CD163+ M2 macrophages was just slightly increased (7.18% versus 12.33%), and the proportion of CD68+CD163+ and CD68+IL-10+ M2 macrophages was decreased after HIV-1 infection (22.61% versus 11.56%; 2.18% versus 7.80%, respectively) (Fig 1D). The gene discussed is CD86; the disease is HIV-1 infection.