VEGFA and infection: As shown in Fig. 2A, the release of pro-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)−6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and chemokines such as IL-8, C-X-C motif Chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and C—C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2), increased in EBV-infected cells compared to control cells, 3 days post-infection.