CAT and anemia: Iron functions as an important component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, catalases, peroxidases and metalloenzymes, and participates in numerous biochemical processes, including oxygen transport, energy production, immune regulation, DNA synthesis.26 Deficiency of iron usually causes anemia, leading to adverse consequences such as a higher risk of maternal and child mortality, impaired cognition, reduced physical performance and a lower quality of life.27 Therefore, individuals with iron-deficiency anemia are advised to take daily iron supplements.