ESR1 and migraine disorder: Further research needs to be conducted to clarify the G-protein signaling pathways between activated estrogen receptors and trigeminal neurons as current evidence only discusses the impact of estradiol signaling, but overall, estrogen-induced activity provokes migraine by increasing excitatory neurotransmission and decreasing inhibitory signaling through the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (28).