Bariatric surgery is indicated for BMI over 40 kg/m2 or BMI greater than or equal to 35 kg/m 2 combined with comorbidity, with studies reporting reduced cardiovascular risk, reduced chronic inflammation, decreased leptin levels, changes in the gut microbiota and long-term remission of T2DM (11, 17). The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.