TGFB1 and laryngotracheoesophageal cleft: SMURF2 is a HECT family member of E3 Ub- ligases, which can inhibit TGF-b signal pathway in LC cells through ubiquitination-mediated degradation of TGF-b receptor I. MiR-195 and miR-497 can inhibit LC by inhibiting the expression of SMURF2 to inhibit Ub-mediated TGF-b receptor degradation, which suggests miR-497 and miR-1950 as the potential therapeutic targets of lung cancer (41).