TNF and breast cancer: These data are in line with previous in-vitro and in-vivo evidence of the ability of metformin to reduce NF-κB activation in the context of breast cancer stem cell growth (28) and to attenuate the hyperglycemia-induced activation of TLR/NF-κB/TNF-α/CXCL1/KC signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats (29).