PDCD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In particular, the combination of an anti-VEGF antibody plus a checkpoint inhibitor (either programmed cell death protein 1 [PD1] or programmed cell death-ligand 1 [PD-L1] inhibitor) became the first regimen in over a decade to demonstrate improved overall survival compared to standard of care (sorafenib) in advanced-stage HCC (2, 5).