In addition, we found that similarly to the signaling pathways employed in HMECs, any detrimental endothelial down-modulation of KLF2 upon exposure to conventional uremic serum from HF dialysis could be mostly reversed by employing selective AP-1-, ERK-, and AKT-blockade in HUVECs, HRECs, and HEKs, respectively (P<0.05 to 0.001, Figure 6D). Here, FOS is linked to hydrops fetalis.