For heart failure (n = 1,369 cases in Iceland and n = 676 cases in UKB), natriuretic peptide B (BNP) (encoded by NPPB) had the most significant association on both platforms (UKB-BI with Olink: odds ratio (OR) = 2.25 per s.d., P = 1.6 × 10−177; Iceland with SomaScan: OR = 1.90 per s.d., p = 2.0 × 10−163), consistent with the established correlation of circulating BNP levels with heart failure17, whereas for some proteins the results were discordant (Supplementary Note 7). Here, NPPB is linked to heart failure.