BAG3 and heart failure: Taken together, these results provide evidence of different mechanisms of effect driven by different variants in BAG3 (Extended Data Fig. 8), with the rs2234962 missense variant potentially affecting both BAG3 levels and BAG3–HSPB6 complexing, leading to downstream perturbations in cardiac muscle proteins, downstream blood biomarkers of heart failure and, potentially, risk of cardiomyopathies.