GDF15 and acute kidney injury: In contrast, there were no significant differences in NGAL, GDF-15, IL-6, PCT, or PLGF between the groups, suggesting that the adverse effect of perioperative rosuvastatin on renal function may be independent of systemic inflammation and renal epithelial tissue injury.10 Although rosuvastatin also led to a significant increase in postoperative creatine kinase, adjustment for this did not materially change the estimated effect of allocation to rosuvastatin on postoperative AKI, which remained significant in fully adjusted multivariable analyses.8