miR-130a-3p-containing exosomes secreted by the liver can improve glucose tolerance by inhibiting PH domain leucine-rich phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) expression in adipocytes; On the other hand, in the case of specific knockdown of miR-130a-3p, mice with obesity showed a notable increase in blood glucose level as well as a decrease in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in vivo (Wu et al., 2020). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.