TLR4 and cancer: These results are relevant since they contribute to our knowledge of how protein-based agonists of TLR4 can act as adjuvants, information that supports the use of these agonists in the development of future experimental vaccines for cancer, persistent diseases, or future pandemics; an ongoing challenge related to controlling the doses of vaccine adjuvants, such as the sMLA adjuvant, which is the active component of the glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA), exists (62, 63).