Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine in human melanoma vemurafenib sensitive- and -resistant BRAF mutant cells characterized by different mutational profiles and KiSS1, KiSS1 receptor and KiSS1 drug-induced release, if peptides derived from KiSS1 cleavage, i.e., kisspeptin 54, could increase the sensitivity to vemurafenib of human melanoma, using cellular, molecular and biochemical approaches. This evidence concerns the gene KISS1 and melanoma.