INS and Alzheimer disease: Perturbation in insulin functionality, deemed insulin resistance, manifests as a decrement in the receptivity of designated tissues to the orchestrated maneuvers of insulin, thus engendering a plausible nexus with the intricate choreography of typical AD hallmarks, namely the orchestrated aggregation of Aβ and tau proteins (Pivovarova et al., 2016; Akhtar and Sah, 2020; Nowell et al., 2023).