TGFB1 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: As is well known, unlike HCC, ICC typically displays an excessive fibrotic response[10] and is characterized by a dense tumor stroma with myofibroblasts as the main cell component.[12, 13] Myofibroblasts in the liver tumor microenvironment are primarily derived from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activated by transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGFB1).[14, 15] Activated HSCs can secrete large amounts of collagen and matrix proteins, thus promoting protein cross‐linking and deposition and excessive matrix fibrosis.