Fifteen urinary exosome proteins related to regulation of actin cytoskeleton were detected, and the hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis was showed in Fig. 2C. A fold change > 1.5 and P value < 0.05 was considered significantly different expression and the volcano plot between T2DM and DN groups was presented in Fig. 2D. Compared with patients with T2DM, the abundance of three urinary exosome proteins was increased, including Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK6 (PAK6), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and SHC-transforming protein 1(SHC1). The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.