TNF and breast cancer: In addition, promotion of the NF-κB survival factor can be favored by TME factors, such as macrophage-activating B-lymphocyte-promoting TNF family ligand, T-lymphocyte-mediated CD40L transmission, and signaling via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) [94, 95], thereby promoting tumorigenesis, cell plasticity, and chemoresistance in tumor cells, including BC [96].