MAF and systemic lupus erythematosus: Furthermore, a comparison of cutaneous lymphocyte signatures between systemic sclerosis and SLE patients showed increased interferon-induced signatures such as MX1, IFI44L, and IFIT3, and activation and exhaustion-associated genes such as PDCD1, TOX, LAG3, TNFRSF18, and MAF in SLE Tph cells (62).