Furthermore, we explored the effects of phenotypes associated with T2D, including fasting glucose adjusted for BMI,41 fasting insulin adjusted for BMI,41 HbA1c,41 and 2-hour glucose tolerance,41 on risk of kidney stone disease and found no evidence to support causal effects of these diabetic phenotypes on risk of kidney stone disease (Table 4, Supplementary Tables 13–14, Figure 4). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.