S100A8 and lupus nephritis: Elevated S100A8/A9 urine and serum levels have been observedinpatients with active lupus nephritis, and published studies have observedcorrelations between serum and urine S100A8/A9 levels in patientswith Type II diabetes, suggesting that these levels may be relatedacross different conditions.37,40 Therefore, we determinedif urine S100A8/A9 was correlated to serum S100A8/A9 and indicativeof patient outcomes by analyzing matched urine samples from 45 ofthe 73 COVID-19 patients (n = 84).