VEGFA and neoplasm: Tumor-derived factors (VEGF, LOX, Tumour Growth Factors, extracellular vesicles) initiates immunosuppression by recruiting macrophages, MDSCs and regulatory T cells.18–20 Though it has been widely accepted that far-reaching effects of cancer progression are achieved through immunosuppression, preliminary studies12,18,20of PMN were focused on extracellular matrix modifications and stromal reprogramming.