SMAD2 and brain ischemia: Recent studies46 have shown that ISO can alleviate the inflammatory factor analysis and the degree of lipid peroxidation in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through the TGF‐β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, reduce the hydrolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases in brain tissue, reduce tight junction protein loss, and improve cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats.