SMAD2 and Myocardial fibrosis: Consistent with these observations (Chung et al., 2013; Knight et al., 2012; Sun et al., 2017), we found that PAR2 antagonist FSLLRY attenuated myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the TGFβ1 pathway, evidenced by downregulation of TGFβ1 expression and Smad2/3 phosphorylation both in our vivo and in vitro studies.