CXCR4 and Alzheimer disease: Rangaraju and Dammer used flow cytometry and found that proinflammatory microglia appeared early in an AD mouse model, which were characterized by the expression of proinflammatory genes such as prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2, surface markers CD44 and potassium channel Kv1.3, and regulators NF‐κB and Stat1, while the anti‐inflammatory microglia expressed phagocytic genes somatomedin C (Igf1) and APOE and the surface markers of different regulators such as liver X receptor α/β (LXRα/β) on CXCR4.48