GDNF and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Under GMP, we have genetically engineered CNS10-NPC to stably secrete GDNF, and expanded and banked this cell line (termed, CNS10-NPC-GDNF) as a clinical product.36 CNS10-NPC-GDNF has recently been delivered to the lumbar spinal cord of 18 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a phase I/2a clinical trial (NCT02943850), which met the primary endpoint of safety.43 We now show that combining hNPC with GDNF may be even more effective than hNPC alone to treat RP.