GSEA revealed that interforn‐α(IFN‐α), IFN‐γ, interleukin2(IL2)/signal transducer and activator of transcriptiondao 5 (STAT5), IL6/Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT3, the IL‐17 signalling pathway, antigen processing and presentation, and inflammatory responses were among the upregulated signalling pathways in chordoma lesions, specifically in macroC1, macroC2 and macroC5 (Figure 3C). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and chordoma.