Moreover, Shi, X., and colleagues revealed that TGF-β inhibitor LY2109761 decreased the expansion of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) CAFs in the lung in vivo, and another TGF-β inhibitor, LY2157299, can inhibit the formation and invasion of CSC-CAFs co-cultured spheres in vitro [367]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to squamous cell carcinoma.