NMNAT1 and bacterial infectious disease: To determine whether interference with the host NAD+ metabolism is a general process affecting bacterial infections, we performed BEAS-2B infections with Streptococcus agalacticae (S.aga) and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and determined the resulting expression of NAMPT and NMNAT1 (Supplementary Fig. 4).